Ûzeq{Ô 109: p}w{ä ûn=o¾ d{Ûp{¨_{ N{d{i\{¨_{¨=b}?

Vp}i¨: @=Z· Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+, T}Þm²*t H*g.A=Û\{©Þzt Q{¨m¢=T} ù¨m{¨ @\{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ôb¢.  Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+ øzrl{¨=o¾ @o|=Z¡b¢ N{d{i\{b{¨.  BN{ A=Û\{©*t øzrl{¨=o¾ ze«Ðm¢Q} @b¢ N{d{ze\{¨_{¨=b¢ @ð T²f}Õo|? A=Û\{©*t A øzrl{¨=o¾ Ûze_{Úx{ p{¨©Ðm¥ k}p{=.  B=b{¨N{¨ ze«Ðm¢ øm{¨Ób{= Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+.  Ap²¨N{¨ ÛzeT}m{=, µem{¨ ÛzeP|Ú_{¨n¨, N¥Ðm¢ @=Z· p{Þnp{¨|öd{ _}zeÛ_{l{¨=.  _{d{ N¾zt= Ap²¨ KN{ ÛzeT}m{ u}c{d{= N{ª\} H=T{¨N{¨=b¢.  @b¢ d{©Ú B=\¢l{¨ zeÛîN{.  @b¢ b¢d{ zeÛîN{ N}p{T{¨Æ. p}m{zeÛîN{ N}p{T{¨Æ.  BN{ A=Û\{©*t u}ßÑm{p{¨=Z· Hø¨Z¾ Hm{¨Q{ðp}\{¨. @=Û\{©*t ¹b²p{ Ab¶q{= zeÞZ d{p{¨ÙN{= Dd{Ôp}\{¨. ¹b²p{ zt=N{nÕ= ÛzeN}m{p¶¨ @ñÔ Vm{¨Q{¨_}l{¨ð øq{ß~tÐu}\{¨.  BN{ Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+ £tßl{¨ zt=N{nÕ= zeÞZ d{p{¨ÙN{= N{nb¢.  

Ûzeq{Ô 110: Q{¬zv ðm{×=c{=o¾ D=çd{ze¦Õ\{¨ Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+ ztÛ_{Õp{Ðm{d{N{¨ ze«è BçÆd{ÞZ¨ ø=Z|p{¨¨. Bb¢ ðVp¶¨d}?

Vp}i¨: ù¨m{¨ ïÛp{=Q} p{¨|ÞZ|\{¨_{¨d}Ôm{¨.  @l¨_¶ Ap²¨ @s}l²©b{Úp{¨=o¾ f}Ão¾d{ð Ib¾ KN{ øc{¹p²¨d{ ze«è BçÆb{d{\}ðN¢ _{Q¢d{ u}x{Úc}m{= D=b¢.  @l¨_¶ Bb¢ T}o| m{zvztÚ=Q} D=T{\{= Vm¢Q¢=b¢.  p{¨|=Z·Q+ m}zt¨N{¨d{Ô ¹\²m¥ ÛzeN{Z¡_{¹p²¨d{ b}N} C øzrl{¨= Hp{m¢N¥ _²öl{¨b{¨.  H\¢ßd+ ztp{¨©Úo+ p{¨|=Z·Q+ l{¨|b{¨ W|ïl{¨¨\{¨.  Al{¨d{ j}Q} l{¨¨p{N{¨\¢Q}d¶ 1912 o¾ B=\¢l{¨ Ûzek{¨_}ßðN¢ @=\²m+ ±tÛN²Zm¥ @l¨d}\{¨.  @zeÕÞZ¾ nÍm+ ÛN{ªËµtZ+ ±tÛN{Zm¥Q} D=\¶p}m{¨.  p²¨¨b{Z¡ Ûzeze=T{ l{¨¨Ób{ N}n=o¾ 1917 o¾ p²¨ztf»Z·ø¨l{¨| p{¨zvÐ_{m{ T{m{Æ @d{=_{m{= ¹p²Z+ üÞo¾ p{¨|=Z·Q+ A˱td+ T}=im+ o¶d+ Ñu}d{=o¾ ðl{¨¨ÐN{¨¹o²d}m{¨.  Al{¨d{ d{p{=im{¨o¾ B=\¢l{¨| p{T}Æ\{¨.  @zeÕÞZ¾d¶ Ûûp{¨î ó±t=Z+ Db{N{p{¨=\{n= ðm{×=c{= d{¨=ç ø\{¨b{¹o²=b¢ (1917 ±t˱e=im+). o|Ím+ T¶=zgËÐm¾ ztp{¨|p¶q{= N¾zt= Að ó±t=Z+ H=_{Q}d¾ Ûzel{¨îÔ=ç=b¢.  N}ð @=b{¨N}l{¨d{ @=Q¥N{m¢=T{o¶b{¨.  b}=_¾ Ap²¨ @ÛQ{zv= T²=b¢=b¢.  Db{Úp{¨=o¾ T{¨m{¨N{¨Q} f}Ão¼d{Ôb¢.  @ze¦Õ\{¨ T²=ztÖÒm+ Ap²¨ ù¨b{ T{m{Ú ïzt¨N¾p{Z|ðN¢ ±tÛN{Zm¥ A*g ˵tZ+ @l¨d{ p{¨|=Z·Q{¨Á KN{ øp{m{^ o¶O FAq}m{¨.  @ze¦Õ\{¨ p{¨|=Z·Q+ BÞZ| Vp}i¨ m}q}\{¨. 'd}_¾ zt=Ûzeb¢=T}öâd{ zeð o¶b{¨.  ñ BËzr= p{çÆd{ T{m{Ú ñp{¦ ïzt¨N¾p{T{¨Æ.  d¶d{¨ ðd{¨Ô _{zeÕN{ ztp{¨Óm¢Ðu}d{¨.  @l¨Z· N}p{¨d+â ztk{o¾ ±eÒb{ N¾o|zvn= T²nm¶Q{¨_{¨=b¢.  Ap²¨ _{d{ üù¨nd{¨ ðnj²ËZ¨N¾o¶N{f½l¨=b{ð B_}Úb¢Q} øp{¨m{àn¨ p{Ðu}l¨|.  p{¨|=Z·Q+ m}~td{ C øp{m{^ ztp{¨|c}d{=, Al{¨d{ ÛzeN{Z¡=çd{ ¹\²m¥ T{ª~td{ _{m}ß_{Q}ð Ap²¨ üù¨n¨ ze«èn¨ øzrl{¨= o¾N}ðN¢ _²ö~tm}o¶b{¨.

Ûzeq{Ô: ù¨N{¨ N{nn¨ p{Ðu}l{¨|? p{еt p}Z¡ð Q{ªm¢Æ ù¨ ÛzeîztÕ=b{d{ Iø¨Z¤?

Vp}i¨: N{nn¨ Hp{m¢N¢ m}p{¦? @l¨_¶ p}Z¡ zem{Úp{u}d}n¨ Q{ªm¢Æ N{b{ª ù¨m{¨ @\{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ôb¢.  N¼ðÔ N{nn¨ T}o| AÞüb}ðÔÐu}l¨. DÐ_¶W|ðÔ N{öQ¢Ðu}l¨. N¼ðÔ k{ øzvßn_{d{¨, N{¨=Q{¨j}Z¨d{¨ N{öQ¢Ðu}l¨.  KN{ N{n p{¨|Û_{= BzeÕZ¡N¥ d}N{¨ Q}]{=Q} Db¶ßQ{= N{öQ¢Ðzt¨=Z¨=b¢.  d¶d{¨ d} p²¨\¢N{o+ \¢ÛQ¥ zem¥x{ H=.ó.@=\+ £t.h}= f}¹±t 42 zt=p{_{âm}n¨ Q{\¢çf½l¨d}, d}N{¨ @ze¦Õ\{ze¦Õ\¼N{ N{n p{Ðzt¨=Z¨=b¢.  A N{no¾ d¶d{¨ ±ea}nì zem¥x¾, p¶¨b¢~td¾ o¶b} ÞN¢ðN{o+ ztÈm{m¥N¥ üVm{p{¦_{¨d{ÔÞZ© C zem¥x{o¾ zgö_{= Ho| D=Z¨=b¾d{ð Db¶ßQ{= T²=b¢d{ÞZ© A N{n u}m{=q{=.  KN¾Áu}m¢ d} zem¥x{ p{¨=Q{w{= f}\¢d{ÞZ¨ A=b¾w{d{ T²=b¶p}Ï^¡.  @ze¦Õ\{¨ d}N{¨ p²¨nN{¨p{ p{T¶Æb¢.  @ze¦Õ\{¨ d¶d{¨ HN{Á\{ Dd}Ôd{¨, zem¢ztm}n¨ Iø¨Z¤? Q{\{çf½l¨d{ N}n=, d¶d{¨ ¹p²b{Ú= ÛzeËN¥zt¨ T¶l{¨\{=, Ûzeztªî q{ÐÛzt çN¢_{ân¨ T¶l{¨\{=, N{=Z¡ ¹p²b{Ú= T¶l{¨\{=, ¹p²b{Ú=o¾ d} zeb¶w{ä T{m¢Û_{, A _{m}ß_{ p{¬Ðî øm{p{¨^= @ñÔ È~@d{zeN{= T¶zt¨N{¨d¶ p}Ï^¡. @ze¦Õ\{¨ d}N{¨ b{\{ _{ÃQ¶b¢.  @ze¦Õ\¢N{ Dzeq{p{¨d{= N{öQ¢=T{¨N¼ð Ûzeq{=_{=Q} ðÒm¶ßQ{=Q} d¶d{¨ ¹p²b{Ú zem¥x{ u}N{nÚ=Q} f}zt¨ N}p{\{p¶¨ N}b{¨, ¹p²b{Ú p{¬Ðî N{ª\} u}Q¢=T}d{ð, BN{ d} ¹p²b{Ú p{¬ÐîN¢ ztßÐ~t T²~eÕ øq}n N}m{Úx¶Û_{¹p²¨d{ m}VN¥l{¨ m{=Q{=o¾N¢ Ûzep¶ú=T}d{ð ztù¨x¢=T{¨N{¨d¶p}Ï^¡. @ze¦Õ\¢N{ d}N{¨ ði×m{= N{öQ¶b¢. BN{ p{¨¨=b{¨ d¶d¶ù¨ l{¨©ðp{m¢âZ¤ zem¥x{N{¨ N{ªT¾\{= o¶b{ñ, f}zt¨ N}p{\{= N}ð N}N{f½p{\{= N}ð d}N{¨ zt=i=c¢=ç zt=k{ø=T¶ @p{N}q{= o¶b{ñ @d{¨N{¨d{Ôze¦Õ\{¨ ði×m{= N{öQ¶b¢.

Ûzeq{Ô 112: ù¨ ztßÑztn=o¾ ù¨N{¨=\¶ @d{¨i=c{= Iø¨Z¤?

Vp}i¨: u}c}m{^=Q} Vd{Ù Ñztnp¶¨ ztßÑztn= @ð N{ª\} @=Z|m{¨ N{b}!  N}iËZ¡ d¶d{¨ ze¦ËZ¡d{ Em¶ d} ztßÑztn= N}p}ö.  @l¨_¶ @N{Á\{ d}N{¨ BÞn¨ N}ð, AÐ~t N}ñ Iù¨ o¶p{¦.  d} u»b{m{¨\¢ N{¨Z¨=i= @N{Á\{ D=b¢.  p}Ðztp{p¶¨p{¨=Z· HN{Á\¢¹N²d} p²w{äZ|ðN¢ p{¨|N{¨ @p{N}q{p¶¨ D=\{b{¨.  p¶¨p{¨¨ p²ýäd{ T¾Z Hb¾ ïm¢N{o¶ð zeðo¾ ðp{¨Q{Ô= N}p{\}ðN¶ p²w{äZ= Vm{¨Q{¨_{¨=b¢ N{d{N{ @N{Á\{ D=\¶ i=c{¨p{¦o²p{m¢ñ N{np{\}ðN¢ ztp{¨l{¨= D=\{b{¨.  A zeðo¾d¶ _{n p{¨¨d{N{np{¦_}= Q{d{N{ u½b{m{¨Ï^¾, u½b{m¢d¾ N{ª\} N{n¨zt¨N¾p{\}ðN¢ ùn¨ ze\{b{¨.  BZ¨p{=Z¡ zem¢Ñ~t_{¨no¾ C b{¬Ës}ß ztßÑztn= @d}Ô, b}ðÔ T{ª\}nd}Ô D_}âzv= @ð~e=T{b{¨.  d}¹N²_¶ A Eµv ðÒm¶ßQ{N{m{p{¨ð~eÐzt¨=b¢.  @l¨_¶ KN{ p¶w{ @N{Á\¢N¢ p²w{ä\{p¶¨ _{ZÑ~tеt p²l¨Úd¼ÔN{Á Q{_{ N}nze¦ _{nze¦n¨ T{¨ËZ¨p{¨¨\{_}l¨.  Q¼=_{¨ ze«\{¨N{¨ðf½_{¨=b¢.  Q{¨=\² Q{¨iQ{¨io|\¢f½_{¨=b¢.  H=_{Z¡ ðm}q} ðzt¬Õzvn b¶q{ k{ÐN{¨\¢¹N²d} Bb¢ @d{¨k{p{= N}N{ _{zeÕb{¨.  

Ûzeq{Ô 113: ÛizvÙ T}m¢Q}d¶ D=\¢f½_¶ H=_¾ j}Q{¨=\¶b{ð ù¨N²ze¦Õ¹\²d} _{n=ze¦ N{öQ¢=b}?

Vp}i¨: izv§q} ù¨m{¨ _{ßm{o¾d¶ ±eýä N¼\{¨N{¨ N}j¾_{¨d{Ô=b{¨p{Þnd¶ ù¨N¢Z¨p{=Z¡ Ûzeq{Ô p¶l{¨|nð~e=ç D=Z¨=b¢.  ðVp¶¨.  d¶d{¨ ó.I ÞN}zt¨o¾ T{b{¨p{¦_{¨=\{Q} d}N{¨ ÛizvÙ T}m¢Q}d¶ D=\¢f½b}p{¨d{Ô Ao¾T{d{ D=\¶b¢.  @ÞZ|d¶ D=\¢f½l¶¨p}Ï^·p²© N{ª\}d{¨.  d} b{ÃQ{m{ @zeÕÞZ¾ 5 m{ªf}l{¨¹o²d} D=\¢ D=Z· p{¨| Em¢ d{¨=ç p{¨Ûb}zt¨N{¨ f}m¢f½l¨ D=\¶ p}Ï^¡.  N}ð ób{m¢N{= p{Þnd¶ d¶d{¨ ±eýä T¶zt¨N¾N{ _{zeÕo¶b{¨. Ip{¨=Z· A ±eÒb{ p{¨ð~r _{d{ N{ª_{¨m¢ð @î µeb{p}\¢N¢Ðu}d{ð zeËZ¨ iËZ¡ N{ªT{¨d}Ô\{¨.  A m¾íÞo¾ µeb{m¢N{= øzrl{¨=o¾ d}_¾ f½Z¤ ze\{Q{öQ¢d{ p}w{§ä Hp{m{ª A p{¨üd{¨k}p{¦\¢N¢ N{ðÕ=T{o¶b{¨.  @=b{¨p{Þn d¶d{¨ ±eýäN¢ p²¨\{ p{=T{N{ _{zeÕo¶b{¨.

Ûzeq{Ô 114: ù¨ @ôÛf}l{¨=o¾ b}=ze_{Ú zt¨O zt=_¾s}no¾ úOm}p{¨|l{¨^ b{q{ Ib¢?

Vp}i¨: b}=ze_{Ú ìø_{=o¾ KN¼ÁN{Á I\¶ Q{\{¨Ðzt¨d{ÔN¼Òb¥ A Vm{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ô zt=p{_{âm{=o¾ f»=b{¨_{¨d{Ô=_{ Ad{=b{= @=_{N{¨ p{¨¨=b{¨ Hze¦Õ\{© f»=b{o¶b{¨ @ð~eÐzt¨=Z¨=b¢.  _¼ö m¾ín q{¬=Q}m{ Ûze^l²©n×^= ÛN{p{¨ ÛN{p{¨=Q{ p²d{N{j²ËZ¡  Iw{§ä Q{\¢çd{ N¼Òb¥ An¨ p{¨Q{n p{¨c{Ú A _{ø¨ _{ÃQ¢ u}îßN{ Db}Ð_{ Ñu}l¨N¢ p}w{ä @d{¨i=c{= m{ªf»=b{¨_{¨=b¢.  KN{ _}b}_{ÙÚ= p}w{ä p{¨c{Ú Im{Õ\{¨_{¨=b¢.  BÒb{m¢N¥ N}p{n~td{ KN¶ m{N{ze¦ AztÐN{¨n¨ ±em{¨Q{¨_{¨=Z|l¨.  p}w{ä p{¨c{Ú D=\¶ Q}]{ Ûµep{¨|d{¨m}Q{ i=c}ðN¢ p}w{ä ~eÞno¶ Ûze_{Úx{ u}x{¨n¨Q} D=Z|m{¨.  Bp{ñÔ A k}m}Úk{Ðm{nN{¨ Ad{=b{ zt=c}l{¨N}n¨.  A zt=_¾zr= Hze¦Õ\{© @n ±em{¨Q{¨_{ªd¶ D=Z¨=b¢ N}ð Hb¾ KN{ zt=p{_{âm{=o¾ b}ðN¢ úOm{ Ñ~tîQ}ñ zem}N}Ëzr Q}ñ ~tÓb¢=T{\{p{¨=Z© D=\{b{¨. 

Ûzeq{Ô 115: ze¦ÐztN{ m{T{d}ôo|zr ù¨N{¨ p²¨¨ËZ p²¨¨b{Z HÞZ| N{öQ¢=b¢?

Vp}i¨: KN{ Ûzel²©Vd}ð b{¬Ë~ro¾ ±eËZ¨N{¨ð d¶d{¨ d} p²¨¨b{Z¡ ze¦ÐztÁ= m}l{¨|öâ p{çÆ=b¢.  A ze¦ÐztN{= W|ïl{¨ øb{Úd{¨ Q{¨m¢=çd{b¢. H=b{¨N{=Z· @zeÕÞZ¾ p¶¨p{¨¨ KN{ W|ïl{¨ øb}Ú zt=Ñztd{¨ Ñu}~e=T}p{¨¨. W|ïl{¨ N}m{ÚÛN{p{¨|ðN¢ ÛzeVno¾ Ûf½_}âzv= N{öQ¢=T{Z|ðN¢ p}w{äd{¨ C øzrl{¨=o¾ øb}Ú p{=_{¨nd{¨ T¶l{¨\}ðN¢ ze«d{¨N¾p}öâ p{çÆ=b¢.  @b¢ 1912 p{ zt=p{_{âm{=.  @zeÕÞZ¾d¶ _²n¨Q{¨o¾ q{m¥m}m¾Q{Ú f}m¢q{¨c{Ú= Q{¨m¢=ç d¶d¼N{ ze¦ÐztN{= m}q}d{¨.  1913 p{ zt=p{_{âm{=o¾ b¶q{=o¾ KN{ øp}b{= _{n HÐî=b¢.  @b¢ W|ïl{¨ p}b}ðN¢ zt=i=c¢=ç=b¢. W|ïl{¨ p}b{= inze\{Z|ðN¢ ze«m{ß m{=Q{= HÞZ| D=\}ö.  I zem¢Ì~t_{¨n¨ b}ðN¢ b¾zvb{= T¶Ðu}l¨.  p²¨¨b{¹o²d{ T{m{Æn Q{¨m¢=ç A øp}b{= _{n HÐî=b¢.  A d¶zec{Ú=_¾ d¶d{¨ k}m{_{ W|ïl{¨_{d{¨ Q{¨m¢=ç KN{ ze¦ÐztN{= m}q}d{¨.  A ze¦ÐztN}ðN¢ p{¨=ç µem{¨ p{çÆ=b¢. k}m{_{ W|ïl{¨_{ zt=ze«Ïm{=Q} d²nN¼d}n=Z· b¶q{=o¾ð Al{¨| Ûf}=_}n ztß_{=Û_{ ztÐ_}N{ ÛzeîzeÐî D=\}ö. Ûzeïl{¨ µtßT{Æ N}p}n=Z· p}Z¡N¼N{ zt¹p²¨N{Ú ztßm{ªze= D=\}ö.  A zt¹p²¨N{Ú ztßm{ªze= u}c¢=T}n=Z· KN¶ k}zr p{¨|_{¬ k}zr @l¨d{ ÛzeVn=_} KN{ m}ËÛzr=Q} @ôp{¬Ób¢ u}c¢=T}ö. N}iËZ¡ k}s} Ûzel{¨¨ÐN{ m}ËÛs}n ðm}Ù^= @p{ztm{=.  C k}s} Ûzel{¨¨ÐN{ m}ËÛs}n ðm}Ù^= Q{¨m¢=çd{ T{m{Æ 1916 d}Z¡N¢ T}o| ïÛp{ Ñu}l¨o¾ N¼d{u}Q{¨_{¨=\¶b¢.  b¥ðN¢ Ûf}m{=k{= Hze¦Õ\{¨ Vm¢Q¢=b{=Z· @zeÕZ¡ Q{p{m{Ôm+ Vd{m{¹o²d{ o|Ím+ üÍm¢=W+.  1911 o¾ j²=Q}n¨ d{¨=ç óüm{¨d{¨ p¶m{¨ T¶l{¨p{n~td{ Ap{q{ÚN{_{d{¨ KN{ ïm}Ùd{ m{ªze=o¾ W|m¥ T¶~td{zeÕZ¡d{¨=ç C T{m}Æ øp}b{= p¶\²N¢Á=b¢.  @=b{¨p{Þn 1916 o¾ Vm¢Q¢d{ A=Ûc{ p{¨ü ztk{ ztp{¨|p¶q}ðN¢ d¶d{¨ KN{ çd{Ô ze¦ÐztN{= ÛzeN{Z¡=T}d{¨.  @=b{¨o¾ k}m{_{ b¶q{=o¾ð øøc{ Ûf}=_}n¨ k}s} Ûzel{¨¨ÐN{ Ûf}îzeb¢N{d{ ze¦d{m¢Ôm}Ù^}p{q{ÚN{_{d{¨ Q{ªm¢Æ T²f}Õd{¨.  1919 d{¨=ç 1931 p{m{N{¨ d}o¾ð m{T{d} q{ÐN{¨nd{¨ d¶d{¨ Ûf}m{=ô=çd{ KN{ B=ÞQ¥zr¨ p}m{ zeÛîN{o¾ð ûám¢N{n¨ p}ÚP|Úd}n b}ßm} øðl²©Q¢=T{¨N{¨d}Ôd{¨.  KN{Á T¶î ù¨b{¨Q} 11 zt=p{_{âm}nf}Z¨ AQ¢f½N{¨=\} b¥ðð ðm{ß~v=T}d{¨. BN{ @ze¦Õ\{¨ 1930 d{¨=ç 1934 p{m{N{¨ N}m}Q}m{ p}zt= Ûf}! ! Ð~e=ç=b¢.  ¹W³n¨o¾ Dd{Ô N}n=o¾ N¼ðÔ ze¦ÐztN}n¨ m}l{¨\}ðN¢ N}p{n~td{ ztp{¨|T}m{= µtN{m¢=T}d{¨. Ûzeze=T{ b¶q{ m}W|Ú=Q}nN{¨ zt=i=c¢=ç=b¢ A ztp{¨|T}m{=.  b¥ð_¾ f}Z¨ 'k}m{_{ b¶q{= ¹±e u}Q¢d{ AÓm¢N{ b¾~e\¥ Q}=c¥l¨V= - u½zröV=, '~v=b{ª Q{¬zv ze¦d{m}øzrÁm{^p+¨ p²¨¨b{¹o²d{ø.  Bø 1936-37 p{¨c{Ú ÛzeT{¨m¢_{¹p²¨d}l¨. B=_{o¾ k}m{_{ W|ïl{¨ N}=ÛQ²zt¨ Aøm}Øp{ p{ÛW¾_{âp{= ztù¨~e=ç=b¢.  C zt=b{m}ØðÔ ze¦m{ztÁm¢=T{¨N{¨ð KN{ ÛQ{=a{= _¶p}nd{Ô N{¨_{ªzvn= _¼=b{m¢=ç=b¢.  p{¨¨=b{¨Q} HZ¨p{=Z¡ ztd}Ôzv= o¶N{¨=\}d¶ C ÛQ{=a{ m{T{d{ T¶q}d{¨.  1936o¾ Bb¢ ÛzeT{¨m{^ f»=b¢=b¢. Bb¢ @Z¨ _{m}ß_{ B_{m{ ÛzeT{¨m{^nN{¨ b¾zvb{= T¶~t=b¢.  A ze¦ÐztN}n øzrl{¨= o¾N}ðN¢ j}Q} _²öâ=b¶.  

Ûzeq{Ô 116: BzeÕZ¡N¢ ù¨m²ðÔ ÛQ{=a}n¨ ÛzeN{Z¡=T}m{¨? B=N} HðÔ ÛzeT{¨m¢=T}nd{¨N{¨=Z¨d}Ôm{¨?

Vp}i¨:  BzeÕZ¡N¶ d¶d{¨ m}~td{ù ÛzeT{¨m¢=çd{ù ÛQ{=a}nd{¨ Q{ªm¢Æ T²f}Õd{¨ Q{b}! Bze¦Õ\¥ Ûzeq{Ô A _{m}ß_{ p}Z¡µeÞm{¨ ÛzeN{Z¡=T}nð ù¨m{¨ N¾m{¨_{¨d{ÔÞZ¨Q} d}N{ð~eÐzt¨d{Ôb¢.  1937 o¾ 'Q}=c¥ - Q}=c¥l¨Vp+¨ @d¶ ze¦ÐztN{= m}l{¨|öâ=b¢Q} d{d{¨Ô KN{m{¨ N¾m}m{¨.  1946 o¾ '±gb{m+â @=\+ Ëu»d+à(CN{n¨ - m}w{§ä) @d¶ ze¦ÐztN{= ÛzeN{Z¡=T}d{¨. b¥ð_¾ f}Z¨ 'N}=ÛQ²zt¨N¶ LZ³=b{¨N{¨ p²l{¨|ö? ' '@m{¹p² Iw{ä N}=ÛQ²q+ 'k}m{_{ b¶q{ m}VN¥l{¨ ztp{¨ztÚn¨ N¼ðÔ Ûf}c{ø¨N{ øzrl{¨|nª @d¶ ÛQ{=a}n¨ N{ª\} d}ø ÛzeT{¨m¢_{¹p²¨d}l¨.  1947o¾ 'k}m{_{ W|ïl{¨ N}=ÛQ²q+ m²=\¾ zt=ze¦Z= p{çÆ=b¢.  Bze¦Õ\¢N{ KN{ p²l¨Ú Ûzeq{Ôn¨ ztp{¨|c}d{m{ªze=Q} 'ztp{¨N}÷d{ T{m¢Û_{ - Ûzeq¾ÔÐ_{m¥l{¨p+¨ @d¶ µem{¨_¾ KN{ ÛQ{=a{= ÛzeT{¨m¢Ðzt¨d}Ôd{¨.  B=N} N¼ðÔ ze¦ÐztN}n¨ N{ª\} m{ç=T}nð d} p{¨d{zt¨o¾ Dd{Ôb¢ N}ð A ztp{¨l{¨= ztp{¨N{ª\¢d{ze¦Õ\{¨ Al{¨| d}p{¨ m{ªf}n¨ @p¶ f»=b{¨_}l¨.

Ûzeq{Ô 117: ze¦ÐztN{ ÛzeT{¨m{^n¨, ÛzeT{¨m{^N{Ðm{nd{¨ Q{ªm¢Æ ù¨ @d{¨k{p}o¶ø¨Z¡?

Vp}i¨:  KN{ze¦Õ\{¨ m{T{l¨_{n¨ ÛzeT{¨m{^N{Ðm{nd{¨ p²b{¨N¼Áð p}w{ä p²=Zi\{p{n~tp{T¶Æb¢.  Bze¦Õ\{¨ ÛzeT{¨m{^N{Ðm{o¶ m{T{l¨_{¨nd{¨ @d¶ß~r=T{p{n~t p{Ðzt¨d{Ôb¢.  j²m}ÔÍm+ p²¨¨b{n¨N¼ð k¾Q{m}í f}ËZ|ô p{m{N{¨ ÛzeT{¨m{^N{Ðm{n N{a} N{p{¨|ø¨zr¨ Bb¶d{d{¨N{¨=Z|d{¨.

Ûzeq{Ô 118: zeÛîN} m{T{d{ zeÞZ ù¨N{¨ @ôm{¨ç HÞZ| Hze¦Õ\{¨ N{öQ¢=b¢?

Vp}i¨: 1898 o¾ d¶d{¨ ó.I ÞN}zt¨o¾ T{b{¨p{¦_{¨=\{Q} @zeÕÞZ¾ p{¨Ûb}zt¨ d{¨=ç p²n¨p{\¶ zt¨Ûze~tÓb{ b¢d{ zeÛîN{ 'b¢ ~v=b{ª' o¾  KN{ m{T{d{ T¶q}d{¨.  A m{T{d{ @b¢ ÛzeT{¨m¢=T{\{= ðV=Q} d}N{¨ KN{ DzeN}m{p¶¨.  C zt=zRZd{ d}N{¨ H=_¾ Ûf½_}âüðÔçÆ=b¢.  BN{ @zeÕZ¡d{¨=ç @ze¦Õ\{ze¦Õ\{¨ d¶d{¨ Hb¾ m}Ðztª p{T}Æd{¨.  189-1900 d}w{äN¶ Q¼zeÕp}m¢ N¼=T²ze¦ i¨Òb{¨nd{¨ Q{ªm¢Æ T{¨m{¨¹N²d{ p{Ú=Q¾ÚÐN{¨n¨ zt=c¢=T}d{¨.  1906 p{ zt=p{_{âm{=o¾ d¶d{¨ ìø_{=o¾N¢ @\{¨Q{¨ ±eËZ·d}Z¡N¢ b¶q{=o¾ W|_²l²©b{Úp{¨= j}Q} Eze=b{¨N{¨=b¢.  1907 o¾ d¶d{¨ p{m{¨ztQ} Ad}Z¡ ¹T²¹_²d{Ú p}_}p{m{^}ðÔ Q{ªm¢Æ N¼ðÔ p}Úu}n¨ p{m{ztQ} m}q}d{¨. @ÞZ| Am{¨ p}Úu}n¨ m}q}d{¨.  'N}m{ÚÛN{p{¨=o¾ m}p}öâd{ p{¨|m{ªÕ @ð A p}Úu}nN{¨ d¶d{¨ µem{¨ ±eËZ|d{¨.  A øc{=Q} 1914 b}N} p{Ðm{p{¨|d{ zRZd{nd{¨ Q{ªm¢Æ d¶d{¨ m}Ðztªd¶ p{T}Æd{¨.  BN{ 1913-1914no¾ A=Ûc¾b{Úp{¨= Ûf}m{=k{= N}Q}d¶ b}ðÔ Db}Ð_{ Ñu}l¨N¢ ïzt¨N¼ð f½p{Z|ðN¢ j}Q} Ûzel{¨_{Ô= T¶q}d{¨. Hb¾ N¼ðÔ @b{d{ze¦ Db¾ÚQ}n N¾zt= T¶µt N¢=b¢ Ñu}l¨ A=b¾w{d{ ztßm{ªze ztßk}p}n d{¨=ç W|ïl²©b{Úp{¨=o¾ @=_{m}ØQ{=Q} A=Ûc¾b{Úp{¨|ðN¢ ÛzeîzeÐî N{öQ¢=T¶ Ñu}l¨N¢ b}ðÔ ïzt¨N¼ð p²w}äd{¨.  30 zt=p{_{âm}n N}n= b¥ð N¾zt= d¶d²=_¾ zem¢Ûq{ø¨=T}d{¨. m}üÚ=Q{ ðm}Ù^ ztk{o¾ (N}ËðâZ¨ÚH=Z+ @±t=Þó) k}s} m}ËÛs}n ðm}Ù^= Q{¨Ðm¢=ze¦ f»=b{Q{np{ð AúÐzt¨d}Ô= p¶¨p{¨¨.  1916-17 no¾ p{çÆd{ '±v©= m{ªo+ Db{Úp{¨p+¨ d}o¾ð zeÛîN} m{T{d{ Ûzep{¬Ðîð j}Q} Ûf½_{â~v=ç øN{~t=zeW·~t=b{ð T²f}Õö.  @l¨_¶ 1919 o¾ Añ ó±t=Z+ Ûf}m{=ô=çd{ 'd{©Ú B=\¢l{¨|' o¾d{©, @zeÕZ¡N¶ Ûf}T{¨m{Ú=o¾ Dd{Ô 'b¢ ~v=b{ª'o¾d{© p²n¨p{\{¨_{¨d{Ô øp}b}n¨ zv[}Ð_{¨Q} d}o¾ KN{ N¼Ð_{ B=ÞQ¥zr¨ p}m{ zeÛîN{d{¨ Ûf}m{=ô=T}nd{Ô N¾m¢N{d{¨ m¶N²Ðî=T}l¨. C ðÏm{l{¨|ðN¢ m}p{\}ðN¢ d}N{¨ KN{Á @m{Q{=Z Ao¾T{d{ p{¨|Û_{p¶¨ zeËZ¡=b¢.  A _{m}ß_{ p{¨©\{¨ m¾ín p{Úp{c¢o¾d¶ C zeÛîN{ d¶d{¨ Ûf}m{=ô=T}d{¨.  ðm{=_{m}l{¨=Q} Bb¢ @Z¨ _{m}ß_{ zeb¢ zt=p{_{âm}n¨ p²n¨p{\¢=b¢.

Ûzeq{Ô 119: 'Vd{Ùk{ªù¨ð ù¨m{¨ I øc{=Q} Ûf}m{=ô=T}m{ª? H=b{¨N{¨ A~e p¶q}m{¨?

Vp}i¨:  @p{¦d{¨.  d¶d{¨ d{\¢~ed{ zeÛîN{ µem{¨ 'Vd{Ùk{ªù¨. p²¨¨b{Z¡ zt=çN{ 1919 \¢±t=im+ 4 p{ _¶b¥d{ p²n¨p{m¢T}d{¨.  çp{m¢ zt=çN{ 1930 IÛ~eo+ p{¨c{Úo¾ p²n¨p{\¢=b¢.  @ze¦Õ\¶ d¶d{¨ ¹W³n¨N¢ p²w}äd{¨.  BN{ d}N{¨ Bb¢p{m{N{ªo|Q} ïÛp{=Q} zem{¨zr=Q} Vßö_{=Q} p}\¢Q} p¶\¢Q} p}ÚOÚn¨ HÐî f»\{¨ze¦n¨ m}l{¨|nd{Ô p²©í o¶N{f½l¨=b¢.  ¹W³n¨ d{¨=ç ø\{¨b{¹o²d{ _{m}ß_{ T{zeÕi\¢ f½l¨d{Þ¹Z³=b¢ d} zem¢Ñ~tî.  u}c{¨_{ ¹p²ze¦ p²¨¨ÃQ}d{¨.  @=_¶ N}N{ zt_}ÚÛQ{zv Ûzep{¬Ðîo¾ ÛN¾c}ðN¢ @zeüu}ÚðN¢ HÐî f»\{¨ze¦nN{¨ T¾Z¨ o¶b{¨ N{b}!

Ûzeq{Ô 120:  N}=ÛQ²*t T{m¢Û_{d{¨ m}l{¨\{=o¾ ù¨N²=_{ p{¨¨ËZ¡=b¢?  50 p¶n b}N} ù¨N{¨ Ûzeîzgn= Q¢ËZ¡=b{ð @=Z¨d}Ôm{¨. @b¢ ðVp¶¨d}?

Vp}i¨: d¶d{¨ N}=ÛQ²zt¨p}m¢N¢T}d{¨.  p}m{¨ ïzt¨N{¨d}Ôm{¨.  @=_¶. B=N} T²f}Õn=Z· d}N¾zt= d}n¨Q{¨ Ûze_{¨n¨ 10 m{ªf}l{¨öçÆ d¶d{¨ N¼d{¨N{¨Ád}Ôd{¨.  KN¼ÁN{Á N}£e 2-8-0 T¼ze¦Õd¶ BT}Æd{¨.  ðW|ðN¢ ÛzeT{¨m{^ ze«m{ßze¦ p²n m{ª.2 Q}d¶ ÛzeN{Z¡=çd} d¶d{¨ A c{m{N{¨ N¼d{o¶b{¨. 

Ûzeq{Ô 121: N{ø_{ß=, zt=Q¥_{=, çÛ_{N{w{o|=Z¡ nö_{ N{w{n zeÞZ ù¨ BËzr= Q{ªm¢Æ T²zeÕ=\¢.

Vp}i¨:  N{ø_{ß= zeÞZ d}N²ze¦Õ\{© µeèd¶.  p{T{d{¹p²¨_¶ µem}n¨ µem}n¨ d¶d{¨ îm¢Q¢ T²zeÕQ{nd{¨ o¶b} N{ñzt= p}b¢ øzrl{¨¹p²¨d} îm¢Q¢ @zeÕQ¢=T{Q{nd{¨.  H=_{ _{=Z|n¨ zeÍ\} KN{Á zeb{Ú= N{ª\} d¶d{¨ È~@zeN{= D=T{¨N¾o¶d{¨.  d}o¾ Hb¾ o¾ze= D=b¢.  d¶d{¨ h½Ðm{¨ h}m{= T{b{¨p{¦_{¨=\{Q} d}N{¨ KN{ ze¦ÐztN{= izv§p{¨îQ} p{çÆ=b¢.  A ze¦ÐztN{= µem{¨ 'ø¨±t*t µvp{¨d+â f½l{¨=q+.  ztd{Ô @T{¨Æo¾ b{ÃQ{m{ b{ÃQ{m{Q} N{ªm¢Æd{ 700, 800 µeìn_¾ D=b¢ A ze¦ÐztN{=. p²¨¨b{Z¡ d{¨=ç çp{m{b}N} A ze¦ÐztN{= d¶d{¨ T{b¢p}d{¨.  @l¨_¶ d}N¶ù¨ j¾c{ze\{o¶b{¨. d} È~@d{= N}Ðzt N{ª\} øN{~t=T{o¶b{¨.  d{p{n T{b¢ød{ÞZ¨ N{ø_{ß= Hp{m{ª T{b{p{m{¨.  N{ø_{ß= d}N¶p{¨|Û_{= @Óm{= N}b{d¶ d¶d{¨ T²f}Õö ðW|ðN¢.

        BN{ zt=Q¥_{ðN¼Òb}p{¨¨. d¶d{¨ KN{ µtÔ~v_{¨\¢_¾ D=\¶p}Ï^¡.  @_{\{¨ zt=Q¥_{ Û~el{¨¨\{¨. zt=Q¥_{ N{T¶m¥nN{¨ _{d{_¾ d{d{¨Ô N{ª\} ïzt¨N¼ð p²w{änð d{d{¨Ô _²Q{ KÐî\¢ T¶Ðztª=\¶p}\{¨. @l¨_¶ Hze¦Õ\{© o¼=Q{o¶b{¨ d¶d{¨.  úq{¨m¶ßÐî zeq{¨m¶ßÐî @ð zt=Q¥_{= Q{ªm¢Æ @=Z|m{¨.  BN{ b}=ÞZ¾ zem¢Ûq{p{¨ T¶~td{p}¹m²_¶ H=_¾ Ad{=b¢Ðu}m{¨.  izv§q} d¶d{¨ m²=\¾ p{Ãm}ðN¢ T²=b¢ D=Z|d{¨.  @l¨_¶ zt=Q¥_{ q}ÐÛzt=o¾  - q}ÐÛ£tl{¨ zt=Q¥_{=o¾ N}b{¨ - d}N{¨ AztÐN¢ D=\¶b¢.  p{¨| ~eÞnnN{¨ zt=Q¥_{= d¶m¶Õ øzrl{¨=o¾ d¶d{¨ T}o| Om{¨Æ ±eËZ|d{¨.  C øc{=Q}¹d²d} d} N{¨Z¨=i= KN{ zem¢ze«Ïm{_{d{¨ f»=b{¨_{¨=b{ð, d} o¾ze= p{¨| ~eÞn b}ßm{ T{N{Ái\{¨_{¨=b{ñ.